A Small Scale Study on the Perspectives of Saudi Undergraduate Assignment

A Small Scale Study on the Perspectives of Saudi Undergraduate Students on the Use of Smartphones as a Motivational Learning Tool in Preparatory Year Language - Assignment Example he essential language of universal exchange, science and innovation and since Saudi Arabia is the world’s biggest oil delivering nation, English is seen as a fundamental piece of the human asset advancement plan of the Saudi government (Alseweed, 2009). Given the Saudi government’s responsibility to improving English language abilities in Saudi Arabia as prove by 6 years of necessary English at school and the inadmissible outcomes, a few examinations have been directed on distinguishing the explanations behind the unsuitable obtaining of English language among Saudi understudies and how to best rouse Saudi understudies for improved outcomes (Alsewee, 2009; Liton, 2012; Khan, 2011). Educated by grown-up learning speculations, this exploration proposes to examine the adequacy and proficiency of cell phone use in preliminary year language students in Saudi Arabia. Grown-up learning hypotheses educate that grown-up students are more intricate than youngsters students and th at as grown-ups, encounters along with fixed sentiments and observations teach that grown-ups are progressively agreeable to discovering that assesses their particular needs and premiums (Hough, 1984). Barrs (2011) considered the adapting needs and premiums of youthful grown-up understudies and the advances in versatile innovation and contended that cell phones specifically have a specific incentive as a language learning instrument for youthful college understudies. Generally, these understudies own and use cell phones normally. Additionally, youthful college understudies likewise depend on various cell phone applications for sharing and preparing data and approach this data through cell phones on a persistent level. Consequently cell phones can be utilized to channel the intrigue, understanding and innovative needs of youthful grown-up understudies as a... This examination will along these lines add to grown-up learning speculations and the investigation of the chance of cell phone advancements as a methods for upgrading Saudi Arabia preliminary year student’s procurement of a subsequent language. A subjective contextual investigation will be directed among male understudies in the preliminary year at a school in Saudi Arabia. A phenomenological approach will be taken in that understudies will be met as a methods for finding their encounters with inclining English and their mentalities toward cell phones as a learning apparatus and how this associates with their advantage and adapting needs. The point of this proposed research is to decide the degree to which the utilization of cell phones is a practical learning device for improving the language capability of preliminary year language understudies in Saudi Arabia. Since this exploration centers around a particular program in Saudi Arabia, it is a social marvel that is all the m ore properly researched utilizing a subjective contextual investigation. Since this examination is exploring an instructive program with the end goal of deciding if the utilization of cell phones can improve language capability and along these lines inspirational learning, an illustrative contextual investigation will be helpful for accomplishing this exploration objective. The illustrative contextual analysis will consider the assortment of rich and nitty gritty individual focused information, portraying singular points of view and sentiments and in this way educating whether cell phones are proper learning devices for youthful grown-up language students in Saudi Arabia’s preliminary language program.

hamlet and ophelia Essay Example For Students

villa and ophelia Essay Hamlet and OpheliaMelancholy, sadness, and franticness have plagued crafted by an extraordinary manyplaywrights, and Shakespeare isn't an exemption. The mechanicalregularities of such enthusiastic diseases as they are introduced withinHamlet, not just permit his crowd to feel for the tragicprince Hamlet, however to give the very complexities important inunderstanding the awfulness of his woman Ophelia also. It is the poorOphelia who endures at her sweethearts watchfulness on account of choices shewas committed to make in the interest of her powerless cultural position. Hamletprovides his own self-torment and falls casualty to depression andgrief, in any case, his franticness is faked. They each offer a commonconnection: the departure of a parental figure. Hamlet loses his dad asa aftereffect of a horrendous homicide, as does Ophelia. In her circumstance ismore extreme since it is her sweetheart who kills her dad and all ofher seeks after her future too. At last, it is additionally mo redetrimental to her c! haracter and causes her despairing and melancholy toquickly go to unrecoverable frenzy. Pundits contend that Hamlet hasthe first motivation to be harmed by Ophelia on the grounds that she follows her fathersadmonitions with respect to Hamlets genuine aims for their beginninglove. In Act 3, scene 1, line 91 Hamlet starts with his malicioussarcasm toward her. I modestly thank you, alrighty then, he saysto her in regards to her underlying merriments (Johnson 1208). Before thisscene, he has heard the King and Polonius setting up an arrangement to deducehis surprising and misery stricken conduct. Hamlet is very much aware thatthis plan only uses Ophelia as an instrument, and in that capacity, she doesn't havemuch alternative of rejecting without rankling not just her meddler fatherbut the scheming King also. Hamlet promptly denies that he caredfor her. He advises her and the entirety of his excluded audience members, No, not I, Inever gave you nothing (lines 94-95 ). A few pundits worry, as does J. Dover Wilson, that Hamlet has an option to guide his outrage to Opheliabecause despite the fact that numerous pundits in their sy! mpathy with Opheliathey have overlooked that it isn't Hamlet who has repulsed her, butshe him (Wilson 159). It is conceivable that Wilson doesn't see thepotential damage to Ophelia should she resist her power figures(i.e. her dad and her ruler). Besides, Ophelia can't know thatHamlets mentality toward her mirrors his thwarted expectation in his mom. . . to her, Hamlets capriciousness must mean trickery ormadness (Lidz 158). She is evidently trapped in a snare that has beenlayed, to a limited extent, yet her sweetheart whom she does cherish and glorify. Hershock is real when Hamlet requests get thee to a religious shelter (line120). The undertones of the double importance of religious shelter is sufficient inand of itself to make her run irritated from her once sweet ruler, andit is the start or her sanitys unwinding also. Hamletsmelancholy allows him the adaptability of character to conveymanic-burdensome activities while Ophelias is significantly more overpowering andpainful. Shakespeare is vague about the truth of Hamletsinsanity and delineates him as on the fringe, fluctuating between sanityand frenzy (Lidz 156). Hamlet grieves for his dad, yet it is thebitterness and hostility that he harbors towards his mom for herhasty union with his uncle that is his most reoccurring occupation. His considerations of Ophelia are optional, best case scenario. At the point when it happens thatHamlet coincidentally kills Polonius, he doesn't seem, by all accounts, to be thinkingof the potential impact of his activities on Ophelia. Hamlet has sealedher destiny, and alongside the instabilities in his demeanor andbehavior toward her couldn't yet be incredibly disrupting to the veryyoung lady who venerated him she doesn't have much in the manner thatis positive for her (Lidz 157). All through the whole homicide scene inAct 3, Scene! 4, Hamlet doesn't comment about the harm he has doneto Ophelia. His enthusiastic rise is given completely to his mother,and while his feelings are not an impersonation, he admits that heessentially isn't in franticness,/But distraught in make (lines 187-188). .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2dc7b58752da6 , .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2dc7b58752da6 .postImageUrl , .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2dc7b58752da6 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2dc7b58752da6 , .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2dc7b58752da6:hover , .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2dc7b58752da6:visited , .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2dc7b58752da6:active { border:0!important; } .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2dc7b58752da6 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2dc7b58752da6 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2dc7b58752da6:active , .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2dc7b58752da6:hover { obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2dc7b58752da6 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2dc7b58752da6 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2dc7b58752da6 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2dc7b58752da6 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2dc7b58752da6:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2d c7b58752da6 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2dc7b58752da6-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u12d4689e7d9e362d09a2dc7b58752da6:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Time Traveling EssayOphelia is then left to grieve her dad, yet it isn't his passing alonethat scorns her madness. Her difficulty is with the end goal that she is forcedto dread and despise her dads murder who is likewise her darling and the oneperson to whom every last bit of her future expectations were stuck - Prince Hamlet. Her whole direction to the

10 Years of Women, Peace and Security COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

10 Years of Women, Peace and Security COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following post was submitted by Sawako Sonoyama.   Sawako is working in our office this year and she, along with several other students, will be contributing posts throughout the year. _____________________ 10 years ago, the UN Security Council passed resolution 1325 that focused on increased representation of women in the Security Council. The resolution reaffirms the important role of women in the prevention and resolution of conflicts, peace negotiations, peace-building, peacekeeping, humanitarian response and in post-conflict reconstruction. This resolution marks the first time the Security Council has recognized the link between the security of women and peace. This is a landmark because the Security Council finally understands the ability of women to take on two roles:   “victim” of Conflict and “change agents” of Peace. 10 years have passed. How have we done? Five speakers convened at SIPA today on a panel for the UN Studies Program and spoke on this issue from their various issues: Atul Khare, Assistant Secretary General for Peacekeeping Operations. Judy Cheng-Hopkins, Assistant Secretary General for Peace Building Support to the Peace Building Commission, and SIPA Alumna. Betty Achan Ogwaro, Chairperson of Sudanese Women Forum of Darfur, Southern Sudan Barbara Crossette, former NYT Foreign Correspondent and journalist. Juergen Heissel from the UN Security Council Peace Austrian Peace Keeping Mission The panel started with an interesting debate surrounding the information gap in conflict zone. Mr. Heissel gave a brief history of the Security Council’s evolution in working with women in conflict zone. The problem that persists today is still the information gap. There is no consistent and comprehensive way to report on acts of violence against women in armed conflict. There is no way to measure how much we have made progress. There needs to be a more concrete data so evidence based policy making could be deployed to helping these women on the ground. However, Ms. Ogwaro responded by saying that the Council will never have enough data. Too many times, there were women dishonored, hurt, and killed in front of the eyes of a Peace Keeping officer. The numbers are there, however, the mandates are not matching what needs to be done to help women in conflict. Furthermore, why will a Sudanese women be able to provide data when they are too busy protecting their lives and the lives of their children? Finally, SIPA alumni Ms. Cheng-Hopkins provided a strict remark on the progress made.  After 10 years, 3% of negotiators and 0% of mediators in conflict zones are women. To improve these numbers, she recommended that at least 15% of post-conflict aid budgets should be endorsing women and peace building. There is much more work to be done in incorporating women into peace building.

The Pursuit Of Beauty Is An Interest Of Mine That Has Been...

The pursuit of beauty is an interest of mine that has been cultivated through this class. The philosophy of Aesthetics has left me curious to see how those near me have experienced and perceived their own beauty. My curiosities led me to want to see the works of local artists via the arts districts of Oklahoma City. So, I began to search for where to find their pieces. After a few days of research and contemplation, I chose to view DNA Gallery; a local art gallery that features native artists. The gallery had several paintings from various artists. I walked around, spending a good amount of time studying the pieces that I found interesting. Some of the works were over one-thousand dollars! I made sure to keep my hands to myself. Some others casually strolled through the exhibits along with me, taking quietly amongst themselves. An elderly man, who I suspect played some part in the management of DNA Gallery, sat quietly outside of the building’s front entrance, able to view all on comers. There was a bit of ironic tension between the paintings and I. The room seemed to be so quiet on the surface. In fact, even the weather was incredibly still and mild that day. All felt at peace in my immediate surrounds. However, the paintings themselves cried out to me. I felt overwhelmed by the immense creativity and depth that leaked out of the artists’ works. Awe struck my mind like a well-sounded bell. To this day it puzzles me how a human can create such individual, original works ofShow MoreRelatedStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pages................... 46 Ohio Wesleyan University Writing Center  © 2011 Writing Guidelines for Statements of Purpose (Developed by the Writing Center, Ohio Wesleyan University, 2010-2011) A statement of purpose focuses on your academic interests and accomplishments, though you may use ―Iâ€â€" and include a personal anecdote or two, while a personal statement includes more autobiographical material and may be written as a personal narrative. A quality statement of purpose will distinguish youRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesapplicants require up-to-date materials and inspiration to match the current environment. While this book includes the latest application essays, which are updated regularly by the ad... missions committee, it retains several essaysfrom the first edition of the book because of their uniqueness as well as to reflect typical question topics that may reappear in future admissions applications. It is worth noting that this book is created by The Harbus News Corporation, an independent nonprofit entity, not theRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesRastafari This page intentionally left blank Rastafari From Outcasts to Culture Bearers Ennis Barrington Edmonds 2003 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the Universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata KualaRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 Pages............... Preservation of Financial Documents ..................................... Books Should Be Audited ......................................................... Relations With Members Confidential ..................................... Interest Coordinator ....................................................................... A Church Officer Removed From Church Membership ............... Induction Service ........................................................................... TABLERead MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 Pages 78 Promise-Based Management: The Essence of Execution Donald N. Sull and Charles Spinosa 90 The Leadership Team: Complementary Strengths or Conï ¬â€šicting Agendas? Stephen A. Miles and Michael D. Watkins 100 Avoiding Integrity Land Mines Ben W. Heineman, Jr. 20 33 FORETHOUGHT HBR CASE STUDY Why Didn t We Know? Ralph Hasson 45 FIRST PERSON Preparing for the Perfect Product Launch THOU SHALT †¦page 58 James P. Hackett 111 TOOL KIT The Process Audit MichaelRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 PagesECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 599 Guide to using the case studies The main text of this book includes 87 short illustrations and 15 case examples which have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the reader to extend this linking of theory and practice further by analysing the strategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations inRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 PagesINSEAD. He consults to organizations around the world on innovation, globalization, and transformation and has published extensively in leading academic and business journals. is the Robert and Jane Cizik Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School and the architect of and the world’s foremost authority on disruptive innovation. â€Å"Businesses worldwide have been guided and in uenced by e Innovator’s Dilemma and e Innovator’s Solution. Now e Innovator’s DNA shows whereRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesand others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. This McGraw−Hill Primis text

Elements in the Human Body and What They Do

Elements in the Human Body and What They Do There are several ways to consider the composition of the human body, including the elements, type of molecule, or type of cells.  Most of the human body is made up of water, H2O, with cells consisting of 65-90% water by weight. Therefore, it isnt surprising that most of a human bodys mass is oxygen. Carbon, the basic unit for organic molecules, comes in second. 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of just six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Oxygen (O) - 65% - Oxygen together with hydrogen form water, which is the primary solvent found in the body and is used to regulate temperature and osmotic pressure. Oxygen is found in many key organic compounds.Carbon (C) - 18% - Carbon has four bonding sites for other atoms, which makes it the key atom for organic chemistry. Carbon chains are used to build carbohydrates, fats, nucleic acids, and proteins. Breaking bonds with carbon is an energy source.Hydrogen (H) - 10% - Hydrogen is found in water and in all organic molecules.Nitrogen (N) - 3% - Nitrogen is found in proteins and in the nucleic acids that make up the genetic code.Calcium (Ca) - 1.5% - Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. Its used as a structural material in bones, but it is essential for protein regulation and muscle contraction.Phosphorus (P) - 1.0% - Phosphorus is found in the molecule ATP, which is the primary energy carrier in cells. Its also found in bone.Potassium (K) - 0.35% - Potassium is an im portant electrolyte. Its used to transmit nerve impulses and heartbeat regulation.Sulfur (S) - 0.25% - Two amino acids include sulfur. The bonds sulfur forms help give proteins the shape they need to perform their functions.Sodium (Na) - 0.15% - Sodium is an important electrolyte. Like potassium, it is used for nerve signaling. Sodium is one of the electrolytes that helps regulate the amount of water in the body.Chlorine (Cl) - 0.15% -  Chlorine is an important negatively-charged ion (anion) used to maintain fluid balance.Magnesium (Mg) - 0.05% - Magnesium is involved in over 300 metabolic reactions. Its used to build the structure of muscles and bones and is an important cofactor in enzymatic reactions.Iron (Fe) - 0.006% - Iron is found in hemoglobin, the molecule responsible for oxygen transport in red blood cells.Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Molybdenum (Mo), Fluorine (F), Iodine (I), Manganese (Mn), Cobalt (Co) - total less than 0.70%Lithium (Li), Strontium (Sr), Alum inum (Al), Silicon (Si), Lead (Pb), Vanadium (V), Arsenic (As), Bromine (Br) - present in trace amounts Many other elements may be found in extremely small quantities. For example, the human body often contains trace amounts of thorium, uranium, samarium, tungsten, beryllium, and radium. Trace elements considered essential in humans include zinc, iodine, possibly silicon, probably boron, selenium, probably nickel, chromium, manganese, lithium, possibly arsenic, molybdenum, cobalt, and possibly vanadium. Not all of the elements found within the body are essential for life. Some are considered contaminants that appear to do no harm, but serve no known function. Examples include cesium and titanium. Others are actively toxic, including mercury, cadmium, and the radioactive elements. Arsenic is considered to be toxic to humans, but serves a function in other mammals (goats, rats, hamsters) in trace amounts. Aluminum is interesting because it is the third most common element in the Earths crust, yet serves no known function in living cells. While fluorine is used by plants to produce protective toxins, it serves no essential biological role in human beings. You may also wish to view the  elemental composition of an average human body  by mass. Sources Chang, Raymond (2007). Chemistry, 9th Edition. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-110595-6.Emsley, John (2011). Natures Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. OUP Oxford. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-19-960563-7.Frausto Da Silva, J. J. R; Williams, R. J. P (2001-08-16). The Biological Chemistry of the Elements: The Inorganic Chemistry of Life. ISBN 9780198508489.H. A., V. W. Rodwell; P. A. Mayes, Review of Physiological Chemistry, 16th ed., Lange Medical Publications, Los Altos, California 1977.Zumdahl, Steven S. and Susan A. (2000). Chemistry, 5th Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 894. ISBN 0-395-98581-1.

A Brief History of Christianity before Jesus Christ Free Essays

Damascus Document Notes from the Damascus Document 1. The document opens by pointing out that during the time before the exile to Babylon when unfaithfulness was prevalent, causing God to bring about his wrath upon the people. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on A Brief History of Christianity before Jesus Christ or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then there came twenty years in which a remnant of the people knew their own guilt and tried to find a way to the path of righteousness, until God provided them with a â€Å"Teacher of Righteousness† who revealed the will of God. 3. The teacher of righteousness was opposed by the Man of Mockery who brought about persecution to the group led some of them into all sorts of unrighteous acts and sinfulness. The Man of Mockery led some of the people to sin through the defilement of the temple and causing the people â€Å"to wonder in a pathless wilderness†¦abolishing the ways of righteousness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  4. The teacher of righteousness was â€Å"passed away† at some point and the writer pointed out that the incident marked the beginning of the end of all the fighters who deserted to the Liar. The writer also pointed out that period lasted about forty years. It seems as though the writer is saying that â€Å"passing away† of the teacher of righteousness (perhaps killed) by the Man of Mockery, was began the forty year long war which ended all wars. 5. The righteous members of the group became the â€Å"the Separatists† when they left the Holy City. 6. The writer of the document foretells the coming of two Messiahs out to the â€Å"House of Aaron and Israel. † Perhaps this may have been a reference to the John the Baptist (House of Aaron) and to Jesus the Christ (House of Israel). The exception to this theory is that technically Jesus was from the House of Judah, but collectively he Judah was Israel’s son, hence, the house of Israel would suffice. 7. The writer of the document explains the administrative hierarchy for members of the covenant. The one above all was the Overseer of the assembly. The document instructs that the Overseer shall teach the groups the ordinances of God and make decisions as to who can join the group and determine the rank that each will have. The Overseer â€Å"shall be from thirty to fifty years old and will have final say on all the group’s activities. The Overseer was the ultimate authority that settled disputes between members. 8. The Document also stated that congregation shall be divided into groups of ten and every group of ten members required a priest that rules the group of ten. Each group of ten was to be registered by name and the first one to be enrolled was the priest; followed by the Levites; and then cam e the regular Israelites with the proselytes being the last. The same order followed when members were settled during meals and assembly meetings. Each of the members was assigned a rank. 9. From here the documents provides a long succession of rules that governed the members including: keeping the Sabbath (even a restriction from assisting an animal to give birth or pull it out of pit if the animal falls on the Sabbath); prohibitions against sleeping with a woman in the City of the Sanctuary; rules for bathing; restrictions against selling of clean animals or birds to gentiles in case they would offer them in sacrifices; rules to members with children that require them to force their children to take an oath to the covenant upon the age of enrollment; directives to the members to contribute two days of every month’s incomes to the poor and needy; rules demanding all new members to study for a full year under the Overseer before partial membership if granted; and rules prohibiting any membership for lunatics, the maimed, madmen, the deaf, the blind, simpletons, the lame, and the underage. How to cite A Brief History of Christianity before Jesus Christ, Papers

The Darkness Out There written by Penelope Lively Essay Example For Students

The Darkness Out There written by Penelope Lively Essay The Darkness Out There written by Penelope Lively is a twentieth century story about a girl called Sandra who over a trip to an old ladys house realises that appearances can be deceiving and learns not to be so prejudge mental to people. She learns to be more mature and less naÃÆ' ¯ve. Old Mrs Chundle is a pre-twentieth century tale about a curate who through an encounter with an old woman realises that he did not live up to the good person he had always imagined he had been, and also he feels guilty as a result of his wrong actions. The beginning of The Darkness Out There is a contrast to the title with descriptions of the country and also of the old woman Mrs Rutter. Brushing through the grass, polleny summer grass that glinted in the sun. This is your first impression of the surroundings Sandra travels through and an example of the contrasting descriptions compared to the gloomy title. Sandra has a strong pre-conception of old people being innocent and sweet who deserve to be treated well. They were really sweet, the old people. Her pre-conceptions are down to her innocence of being young and of her naivety too. Sandras natural assumption is that she assumes she is doing a good job giving up her time for the old people who deserved to be assisted. However as soon as Sandra gets a glimpse of Packers End the author changes the feeling of the story to dark and gloomy descriptions of the area, It was a rank place for example. This idea of the area given to the readers creates the impression that the darkness out there in this story is Packers End and gives a false illusion or pre-conception that the story is morally and fully based around it. The transition from the pleasant descriptions of the countryside to the of Packers End is quite blunt with one significant quote the light suddenly shutting off the bare wide sky of the field. Packers End. This quote is effective because it shows the change in mood and description. It also shows that Packers End is the darkness out there in Sandras mind too. You get the impression of Sandras fear by the comments made like she wouldnt go in there for a thousand pounds, which shows you the extent that she would go to in order to avoid approaching it. There are also many descriptions describing Sandras impressions of fear of the area like the greyness you couldnt quite see into the clotted shifting depths of the place. This quote not only shows Sandras fears but also describes the darkness out there as if until you look closer you cannot tell what it is. This relates back to the pre-judgemental attitude Sandra has towards Mrs Rutter and Kerry at the start of the story. Sandra is scared of Packers End because of all the tales that people had told her as a child like the ghostly presence of German aircrew, and recently the story of the girl that was raped and attacked there. Note that after many of the stories are told they end with people said. This suggests that Sandra does not really have an entire mind of her own and that people are influential in her thinking, which is probably why she is still afraid of Packers End. As a child she was, and still is, afraid of the ghostly place with wolves. But going into her teens it was mainly the Nazi plane and the rape that daunts her because they were more realistic things. Others again influence her on the supposed rape incident too. There was this girl, people at school saidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This quote gives evidence of her listening to what people told her and she appears to be very gullible, which makes her more naÃÆ' ¯ve of the real life and Packers End Sandra has an idyllic life as her dream for the future for example travelling to perfect places you can get. She would go to places like on travel brochures and run into a blue sea. As this shows she with other younger people dream of not the real world with financial problems and divorce but a flawless lifestyle where nothing could go wrong. Sandra also dreams of having a perfect home and location and a handsome husband. Two children, a boy and a girl. Children with fair and shiny hair like hers and there would be this manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This quote portrays the lifestyle that she would like and shows her assumption that it will happen. However Sandra overlooks any possibility that some of her ideas could become flawed. But on the other hand she does seem to take her future seriously however naÃÆ' ¯ve she may be. Compared to Kerry Stevens realistic plan for life hers is like a dream because Kerry seems to have his feet firmly on the ground. The writer uses Sandras ideas of her storybook future to further give evidence of he naivety, and by using comparisons to Kerrys future further shows how much her head appears to be up in the clouds. Kerry Stevens does not make a good impression on Sandra in terms of appearance because he was not the best looking person and the writer shows Sandras judgemental attitude by her initial opinions of Kerry at a first glance. Some people you only have to look at to know theyre not up to much. This quote shows her opinions of not Kerry but also of the way she views other people as well. The way the writer has shown Sandras judgemental side is to also show a contrast in the story to give evidence of change in her character later on in the story. Sandra has a good view of Mrs Rutter mainly because of the portrayal of the woman being really sweet, lots of the old people. This is her pre-conception before she even sees the old lady. This gives us a good understanding of not only her judging character towards appearances of people but also portrays judgement of personality for the first time also. Sandra thinks that Mrs Rutter is a very nice lady because of her friendly initial welcome to her, which is understandable because not only does the writer make Sandra think this but the reader also, perhaps to deceive us about Mrs Rutters personality and to make ourselves pre- conceive her character too. A creamy smiling pool of a face in which her eyes snapped and darted. This quote gives the impression of a plump, harmless old woman, which the writer purposely wants us the reader and Sandra to think for the deception that occurs later on in the tale. The writer encourages us, Sandra and Kerry also to feel sympathy towards her because of the fact that she is alone and her husbands death in the war was very tragic. He was in one of the first campaigns in Belgium, and he never came back. The way that Mrs Rutter describes his death creates sympathy naturally and the fact she has been alone for years makes you feel sorry for her further. The writer also creates more sympathy when we learn that she was childless and regrets it because she feels it a loss not to have had any. It is more shocking to learn about what Mrs Rutter did because of the circumstances that her husband died in. You would have thought that considering he was gunned down in the same way as the German that she would have had more sympathy towards the man. However instead of giving him a chance to live, Mrs Rutters coldness and nastiness allowed him to suffer. At this point we see a change in the story where we the reader, Sandra and Kerry see her in a different perspective to what we initially thought of her apart from Kerry, who had a slight suspicion about of her to begin with. Pip's Education in Great Expectations EssayThe writer shows the change in the Curates character by his ignorance of the old lady in the sermon. He blocks up the tube after her bad smell lingers up the tube towards him. Desperately thrusting his thumb into the hole. This quote shows that the Curate is being very intolerant and has at this point no concern about the old woman, only himself. The Curate is also shown to be self conscious about himself because he has blocked up the pipe probably to avoid further embarrassment towards himself in church. To the Curates total dismay Mrs Chundle is very overjoyed by her ability to hear clearly. I shall come every Sunday morning reglar, now, please God. This shows her new enthusiasm about church, and the writer illustrates this by using strong words in her dialogue for example Please God. After Mrs Chundle attends church regularly the writer shows a transition in the Curates character. I cannot stand this I shall tell her not to come. This quote shows how rude and inconsiderate he is becoming after his encounters with Mrs Chundle. We also see the Curate setting out to reverse what he had been doing just to stop Mrs Chundle bothering him. He becomes very selfish because he is only considering the consequences of removing the pipe on his part and not hers. For example he simply thinks of no embarrassment at his sermons and no bother, not that the old woman would be unhappy, lonely and not be able to attend something that she enjoys. Ive promised to go and read to her but I shant go. The writer also illustrates the Curate to be a very angry man by showing how he puts off a simple task of going to see Mrs Chundle and again does not consider how rude it is towards the old woman. He was described as being vexed about the matter viewing it as an ordeal for himself. He is shown once again by his actions in this story to being a very selfish man and inconsiderate of other peoples feelings. The writer builds up the guilt the Curate should feel after Mrs Chundles death by putting the emphasis on Mrs Chundles circumstances of death. She became ill partly because perhaps she did not want to let the Curate down after all the trouble that he had went to for her. She harried overmuch, and runned up the hill. It upset her heart. This quote shows the trouble that Mrs Chundle had gone to, to get to church on time so she did not miss the Curates sermon. The writer also creates the guilt by the way that Mrs Chundle did not assume that he did not come for bad reasons as she said that he was so loyal to her. This creates guilt by the fact that Mrs Chundle thought so well of him. You were so staunch and faithful in wishing to do her good. This quote emphasises how well she thought of him and how loyal she considered the Curate to be, and it also shows that she had no doubt at all that he was being unkind towards her in any way. The writer finally emphasises the point of guilt concerning the will by the words that Mrs Chundle said to the woman as she handed over the will to give to the Curate. Hes a man in a thousand. Hes not ashamed of an old womanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This quote gives evidence that Mrs Chundle considers him very considerate and kind, when told this the Curate must have felt not only guilt but also moved too. This is because of the way that she thought of him so highly. Also the amount of possessions that Mrs Chundle had left the Curate shows a lot. Firstly it made him realise that he was the only friend that she had and did not have much in her life at all. It also shows that he must have meant a lot to her for her to leave him with everything that she owned. On opening it he found it to be what she called her will, in which shed left him herà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This quote shows the extent at which she had given him in return for the good ways she had thought that the Curate treated her. The way that Mrs Chundle died and the will for example, are used by the writer to make us assume that the Curate will be guilty, shocked and upset over her death. This is also because of the way that he treated her. However judging by the ending the Curate does not seem very flustered by everything and is very calm apart from a tear in his eye. The writer uses like Peter to compare what the Curate has done with Peter before the death of Christ. The correlation is that they both betrayed Mrs Chundle and Christ, which is effective because Hardy shows the extent of the Curates unkindness further. And as he went his eyes were wetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This quote shows to us that the Curate is moved in some way by what has happened. Although he prays we assume for forgiveness and Mrs Chundle, will he change for the future or does he consider that a prayer of repentance will be good enough and he will no longer feel any more guilt? He rose brushed the knees of his trousers, and walked on. This quote at the end does suggest that now he has prayed for his sins that he can carry on normally, and that the Curate has not really learnt his lesson. At this point we as the reader are expected to be and are very sympathetic towards Mrs Chundle and only contempt towards the Curate. Therefore you can clearly see that again the writer has created a reversal in character feeling, because we liked the Curate at first as he went to all the trouble for Mrs Chundle. However he reversed in to a rude and inconsiderate man. Whereas we initially thought Mrs Chundle was rude but she turned out to be a kind and thoughtful woman. In The Darkness Out There and Old Mrs Chundle, both writers have created a good effect of deception where the Sandra and we the reader are surprised in the change in character of Mrs Rutter, Mrs Chundle and the Curate. As a result of the encounters with these two old women, both of the main characters have changed in different ways. During the story the curate changed from being a kind-hearted man to being rude, selfish and ignorant towards Mrs Chundle. The Curate like Sandra was also naÃÆ' ¯ve himself because he could not realise how his bad actions were affecting the old woman. He does change a little because he realises what his duties are as a Curate and in future how far he should take them, like not interfering so much with others. Sandra has changed her view on life by being more realistic about things rather than having her head up in the clouds so much. She is also less naÃÆ' ¯ve about people and has learned not to be so pre-judgemental about people and that looks can be deceiving. The writer shows Sandras change in character by comparing her views of Packers End before and after she has changed in attitude to emphasise the fact that she has grown up more.